Product Citations: 5

Alpha synuclein, the culprit in Parkinson disease, is required for normal immune function.

In Cell Reports on 11 January 2022 by Alam, M. M., Yang, D., et al.

Alpha-synuclein (αS) is causally involved in the development of Parkinson disease (PD); however, its role in normal vertebrate physiology has remained unknown. Recent studies demonstrate that αS is induced by noroviral infection in the enteric nervous system of children and protects mice against lethal neurotropic viral infection. Additionally, αS is a potent chemotactic activator of phagocytes. In this report, using both wild-type and αS knockout mice, we show that αS is a critical mediator of inflammatory and immune responses. αS is required for the development of a normal inflammatory response to bacterial peptidoglycan introduced into the peritoneal cavity as well as antigen-specific and T cell responses following intraperitoneal immunization. Furthermore, we show that neural cells are the sources of αS required for immune competence. Our report supports the hypothesis that αS accumulates within the nervous system of PD individuals because of an inflammatory/immune response.
Published by Elsevier Inc.

  • FC/FACS
  • Mus musculus (House mouse)
  • Immunology and Microbiology

Interactions Between Epidermal Keratinocytes, Dendritic Epidermal T-Cells, and Hair Follicle Stem Cells.

In Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.) on 14 June 2018 by Badarinath, K., Dutta, A., et al.

The interplay of immune cells and stem cells in maintaining skin homeostasis and repair is an exciting new frontier in cutaneous biology. With the growing appreciation of the importance of this new crosstalk comes the requirement of methods to interrogate the molecular underpinnings of these leukocyte-stem cell interactions. Here we describe how a combination of FACS, cellular coculture assays, and conditioned media treatments can be utilized to advance our understanding of this emerging area of intercellular communication between immune cells and stem cells.

  • Biochemistry and Molecular biology
  • Immunology and Microbiology
  • Stem Cells and Developmental Biology

Polymorphisms of the murine mitochondrial ND4, CYTB and COX3 genes impact hematopoiesis during aging.

In Oncotarget on 15 November 2016 by Kretzschmar, C., Roolf, C., et al.

During aging, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can accumulate mutations leading to increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROS were described to activate formerly quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Mutations in mtDNA were shown to enhance the risk for myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia. However, the complex relationship between mtDNA variations, ROS and aging of the hematopoietic system is not fully understood.Herein, three mouse strains with mtDNA polymorphisms in genes of respiratory chain complexes I (ND4), III (CYTB) and IV (COX3) were compared to a reference strain during aging. Analysis focused on ROS and ATP levels, bone marrow composition and blood counts. Additionally, hematopoietic restoration capacity following cytotoxic stress was tested.Mice with polymorphisms in ND4 and CYTB gene had significantly decreasing ROS levels in bone marrow cells during aging, without effecting ATP levels. In addition, the frequency of stem and progenitor cells increased during aging but the amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood decreased during aging.In summary, the presence of mtDNA polymorphisms affecting the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV was associated with altered ROS levels as well as changes in BM and peripheral blood composition during aging.

  • Mus musculus (House mouse)
  • Cell Biology

Polymorphism in Murine mtATP8 Gene Correlates with Decreased Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging Hematopoietic Cells.

In In Vivo (Athens, Greece) on 12 November 2016 by Roolf, C., Kretzschmar, C., et al.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for the respiratory chain proteins. Genetic alterations in mtDNA have been described during aging and linked to impaired hematopoiesis.
We investigated two novel conplastic mouse strains harboring a mitochondrial nt7778 G/T polymorphism leading to an amino acid exchange in respiratory chain complex V. Effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, as well as bone marrow composition and peripheral blood counts, were investigated during aging (up to 24 month).
The polymorphism correlated with significantly decreased ROS levels in aged mice. Effects on hematopoiesis were marginal and not statistically significant: numbers of erythroid cells in bone marrow, as well as mean corpuscular hemoglobin, tended to decrease over time.
The investigated polymorphism is associated with decreased ROS levels in aged hematopoietic cells but does not significantly influence hematopoiesis itself.
Copyright © 2016 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.

  • Mus musculus (House mouse)

Mesenchymal stem cells abrogate experimental asthma by altering dendritic cell function.

In Molecular Medicine Reports on 1 August 2015 by Zeng, S. L., Wang, L. H., et al.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated in the treatment of numerous autoimmune diseases. However, the immune properties of MSCs on the development of asthma have remained to be fully elucidated. Airway dendritic cells (DCs) have an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, and disrupting their function may be a novel therapeutic approach. The present study used a mouse model of asthma to demonstrate that transplantation of MSCs suppressed features of asthma by targeting the function of lung myeloid DCs. MSCs suppressed the maturation and migration of lung DCs to the mediastinal lymph nodes, and thereby reducing the allergen-specific T helper type 2 (Th2) response in the nodes. In addition, MSC-treated DCs were less potent in activating naive and effector Th2 cells and the capacity of producing chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) and CCL22, which are chemokines attracting Th2 cells, to the airways was reduced. These results supported that MSCs may be used as a potential treatment for asthma.

  • Biochemistry and Molecular biology
  • Immunology and Microbiology
  • Stem Cells and Developmental Biology
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